法国婚姻精神暴力入法之争

Dispute of Psychological Violence within Marriage Getting into Law in France

法国家庭法中规定了'婚姻暴力紧急裁判'制度,肯定了婚姻暴力施暴者存在过错,但这些规定极少被实施。2010-769号法律界定了婚姻精神暴力(骚扰)的概念、范围以及解决问题的措施。'暴力紧急裁判'的相关规定允许驱逐施暴配偶。但同时,婚姻精神暴力无法用精确的方式加以界定,立法上的有失精准将把过多的自由裁量权给予刑事法官,而刑事法官基于精神类专家的证明径行判决的做法不免武断,因为专家意见的证明能力难以确定。精神伤害是主观的、无形的,婚姻精神暴力中法律上的因果关系难以建立。在无法实际并持续地监控婚姻精神暴力双方的情况下,将婚姻精神暴力纳入刑法,无异于刑事赌博。

French family law stipulates the'marriage violence emergency referee',and affirms the fault of perpetrators,but the law is rarely implemented.Law 2010-769 defines the concept,scope of psychological violence within marriage(harassment)and measures to solve the problem.The relevant provisions of the violence emergency referee allow the expulsion of perpetrators.In the meantime,psychological violence within marriage can not be defined strictly,which will enlarge the discretionary power of criminal judge.However,the judgement of criminal judge is based on the psychiatric expert testimony,which is arbitrary,because it is difficult to determine the proof ability of the testimony.Spiritual injury is subjective and invisible,and the legal causality in psychological violence within marriage is difficult to establish.As the two parts of psychological violence within marriage can not be monitored practically and continuely,psychological violence within marriage getting into the criminal law is tantamount to criminal gambling.