德国公私合作制的挑战与发展——基于法律视角的研究

Challenge and Development of Public-private Partnerships(PPP) in Germany——A Study from the Perspective of Law

作为推行公私合作制(PPP)的后发国家,德国虽只是步英美之后尘,但在PPP的概念界定和实践发展方面,仍做出了巨大贡献,其针对PPP所做的法理基础梳理和具体制度构造都极富有建设意义。依托担保国家的构想,创造性地提出了国家责任分担和责任层级的理论,从政治层面解决了PPP发展的桎梏和障碍。尽管德国引入PPP的最初动机只是为了纾解财政困境,但其在PPP发展过程中所呈现出的治理思想的革新与飞跃,尤其在为PPP立法方面进行的尝试和努力,都能够为中国重新思考政府与民间的合作伙伴关系提供示范性的参照和借鉴。

As a new-coming country in PPP,though Germany had only followed the steps of US and UK,it has made substantial contributions to the concept definition and practice of PPP. Its carding of the legal basis and structure of the detailed regulations for PPP are both extremely constructive.Based on the concept of state guarantees,Germany has put forward the theory of shared state-responsibility and liability levels.This removes the shackles and barriers for the development of PPP.Although the introduction of PPP in Germany is initially for relieving financial difficulties,its innovation in governance thinking during the development of PPP,especially the efforts on the legislation of PPP,will provide desirable references to our rethink of the partnerships between government and nongovernmental sector.