长白山及五大连池火山灰土基本特性的研究

Fundamental Characteristics Of Andisols In Changbai Mountain And Wudalianchi

本文对长白山、五大连池火山灰土的剖面形态特征、颗粒组成、化学性质及腐殖质形态进行了初步研究。结果表明:与日本的火山灰土相比,两地火山灰土的剖面发育程度均较浅,仅可见不成熟的Bw层,并没有埋藏层。发育较差的剖面中粘粒含量均较低,具有幼年性火山灰土的特征。长白山火山灰土呈酸性反应,含有一定量的交换性H^+和Al^(3+);五大连池土壤呈中性反应,交换性Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量较高。两地土壤的pH值及磷酸吸收系数均较高,具有国外火山灰土的特性。按熊田法进行的腐殖质形态分析表明:长白山火山灰土表层的胡敏酸均为腐殖化程度较低的Rp型;五大连池为B型和Rp型。两地土壤的全碳量与0.1M焦磷酸钠提取的铝(Alp)的量有显著正相关,说明Alp在土壤有机质的积累过程中有重要作用。

The morphological characteristics, particle distribution, chemical properties and humic substance were examined in the present paper. Compared with Andisols in Japan, the soils in bothareas showed weak development with unmatured Bw horizons and no buried horizons. The soils in Changbai mountain reacted acid and relatively riched in exchangeable H+ and Al3+, the Wu-dalianchi soils displayed alkaline reaction with abundant contents of the exchangeable Ca2+and Mg2+. The pH(NaF) and the phosphate retention were high. The humic acid of top horizon in Chnagbai soils belonged to Rp type and that of Wudalianchi soils belonged to Rp and B types. The fact of the organic carbon contents significantly relating to pyrophsphate extractable Al(Alp) showed the key function of Alp in the organic matter accumulation,