饲用玉米育种要求性状特征及研究进展

Reasearch Progress and Demanded Characters of Forage Maize Breeding

综述了饲用玉米的分类、特点、组织结构及其营养价值、饲用玉米的农艺性状和营养品质的检测方法,及当前饲用玉米的育种现状。提出了饲用玉米的育种目标应考虑:(1)消化率高,即淀粉、可溶性碳水化合物及蛋白质含量高,而纤维素及木质素含量低;(2)茎叶多汁,茎杆汁液含糖6％,全株粗蛋白含量在7％以上,粗纤维含量在30％以下;(3)植株高大,适应性强,保绿性好,生育期适中;(4)适时收获,春播的生物量达70～120t/hm^2,夏播的生物量达45～60t/hm^2。

This article gave a general description of the breeding of forage maize,classification,traits, organe stucture, nutritional value, agrinomic traits and the testing method of the maize stover nutritional quality, and concludes the breeding objective and present fact in China.Forage maize's breeding objective should include these follows.(1)high digestibility, i.e. having high starch,soluble carbohydrate and protein content, low fiber and lignin content;(2)the sugar content in stalk and leaf liquid is over 6%, the crude protein content excess 7%, the crude fiber is less than 30%;(3)plant is big,the period of keeping green is longer and having mid-growing period;(4)at harvest, biomass yield is over 70~120,45~60 t/hm2 in spring seeding and summer seeding respectively.