山西省生态环境用水初探

Preliminary Studies on Eco-environmental Water Consumption of Shanxi

生态环境用水研究是改善生态环境亟待解决的重大问题。从生态环境用水的内涵着手,结合山西省生态环境的实际情况,将山西省生态环境用水划分为森林植被、水土保持、河流、城市生态环境用水4个方面。森林植被生态环境用水用林地实际蒸散量表示,全省林地耗水大致为346～477mm;水土保持生态环境用水采用治理前后小流域对比分析方法,经水土保持综合治理后,减少流域径流深约为17.62mm(黄河流域)、27.34mm(海河流域);通过对山西省各大河流多年平均最小月径流量和最大月含沙量、输沙量统计分析,计算河流生态环境用水量;城市生态环境用水从城市湖泊环境用水、城市绿化用水、地下水超采恢复用水、城区道路洒水等方面进行分析。

Eco-environmental water consumption is an important problems demanding prompt solution in eco-environmental improvement. This paper first discusses the definition of eco-environment water consumption, combines the actually eco-environmental of Shanxi province, eco-environmental water consumption is divided into four types, including these of forest-vegetation, soil and water conservation, river and city eco-environmental water Consumption. Water consumption by forest-vegetation is shown using actual evapotranspiration, it is found that the total amount of the province is over 346-477 mm. Based on correspondence analysis to small watersheds, soil and water conservation eco-environmental water consumption is indicated by reduction of runoff depth, the reduction of runoff depth is 17.62 mm ( Huanghe watershed) 27.34 mm (Haihe watershed) due to the watershed soil and water conservation. According to analyzing perennial average month minimum runoff volume, perennial average month maximum sediment concentration, perennial average sediment discharge, calculates river eco-environment water consumption. According to analyzing water consumption of urban lake, green spaces in urban area, recharge of ground water, urban street, calculates urban eco-environmental water consumption.