试析TRIPS对我国知识产权侵权法的影响

Some Reflections on TRIPS' Effects on China's Tort Law Concerning Intellectual Properties

中国加入WTO以后,《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(TRIPS)中有关知识产权侵权的规则,将对我国知识产权侵权法律制度产生重要的影响。这种影响体现为传统侵权归责原则的变化,即发侵权理论的引入,以及侵权客体的扩大等几个方面。作者试图对这些影响进行粗浅的分析,并对其中在理论界争议很大的知识产权侵权的归责原则问题进行初步的剖析。作者认为,对于TRIPS的归责原则,可以理解为"以适用过错(推定)责任原则为主,特定条件下适用无过错责任原则"。这一认识既照顾到作为无形财产的知识产权的特征,也没有违背TRIPS的要求,符合我国目前的社会经济发展水平。

TRIPS will have deep effects on China's tort law concerning intellectual properties after China's accession into the WTO. Such major effects are manifested in the areas of tort liability rules, immanent infringement and the objects of infringement of intellectual property. This paper tries to make some analysis on these effects and,especially on the liability rule of the tort law concerning intellectual properties which is controversial in the theoretical circle. The paper holds that the liability rule of TRIPS could be understood as applicable to the doctrine of presumptive wrongs and also applicable to the doctrine of presumptive nonwrongs. This understanding has taken into consideration the characteristics of intellectual properties as intangible assets and at the same time it is not in violation of TRIPS and is in conformity with China's present economic level.