封山育林是恢复和重建晋西黄土高原森林植被的重要途径

Importance of Closing Hillsides to Facilitate Afforestation for Vegetation Restoration and Replanting in Jinxi Loess Plateau

论述了晋西黄土高原封山育林的必要性、理论依据及可行性。分析了不同时期弃耕地和封禁小流域的植物演替和植被恢复规律。在黄土弃耕地上植物群落演替规律为:弃耕后,15a～20a为草本植物群落阶段;21a～25a可形成灌木群落;26a～30a能达到较成熟、稳定的灌丛群落;30年后,开始形成乔木林。黄土残塬沟壑区封禁小流域植被恢复情况为:经过12a,木本植物的种类达到了41种,分属于16科34属,其种源来源于周围残存的次生林。总结了封山育林的效果。

The paper introduces the necessarity,theories and availability of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation,and analysises the rules of vegetation succession and restoration in abandoned ploughland and closing watershed region during different periods.The rules of the vegetation succession are,that after the land is abandoned to plough,herbaceous plants community first can be developed in 15 d～20 d.Shrub plants community ensues and is developed in 20 a～25 a,and matures about 25 a～30 a.Development of arbor community needs spend 30 a～ 35 a.The rules of vegetation restoration of colsing watershed in loess gully region are,that after about 12 years,woody plant will develop 41 species,involoved 34 genera of 16 families.