从战略视角把握中国的能源结构调整

China's Energy Mix Adjustment in Terms of Strategy

目前,中国的能源结构面临着两种不同的路径抉择:是长期维持以煤为主的能源结构,还是利用全球油气资源加快对煤的替代。本文认为,在中国能源结构的选择中,不能局限于部门利益,而应从经济全球化的大趋势和市场体制的客观要求出发,正视我国能源体系长期游离于世界能源体系之外积累的问题,从战略视角把握影响中国能源结构转换的背景及制约因素。随着人民生活水平的提高以及工业化和城市化的推进,中国也将像欧洲、北美一些国家那样,拥有丰富的煤炭资源却逐渐放弃以煤为主的能源结构。中国的工业化和城市化不仅要求能源结构向有利于环境的方向转变,而且要求将包括能源体制在内的整个能源体系融入世界经济体系之中。这个过程可能需要几十年的时间,但是我们必须清醒地认识这个问题,并将其纳入国家能源战略。

At present, China' s energy structure is faced with two diff er ent choices: either to maintain the energy structure dominated by coal use for a long time, or to substitute coal with the global oil and gas resources. As rega rd of China' s energy composition selecting, this article believes that it shou ld not only consider it in terms of sector' s benefits, and should think about it in the views of economy globalization and objective requirements of market sy stem. It should squarely face the problems caused by China drifting from the mai nstream of world energy system for a quite long time. It will clearly understand the background and constrained factors that impact on China' s energy structur e switching. With the people' s living standard improving and industrialization and urbanization advancing, although China is rich in coal resource, it will be gradually switched away form coal occupying the leading role in the energy stru cture. Industrialization and urbanization not only require the energy structure to shift to benefit the environment, but also integrate China' s energy structu re into the world economy system. This will take several decades to realize. How ever, we must clearly understand this issue, and integrate it into the national energy strategy.