早籼稻不同粒位糙米粒重粗蛋白含量的表现

The Representation of Grain Weight and Rude Protein Content of Indica Rice in Different Grain Location

采用单粒测定法测定早籼稻四个品种 ,每品种 3穗共有一次枝梗 114条 ,二次枝梗 6 7条。其中二次枝梗较一次枝梗糙米粒重较轻、粗蛋白含量较高的枝梗 ,分别占二次枝梗数的 76 .12 %和 73.13% ;二次枝梗较一次枝梗糙米粗蛋白产量较低的穗 ,占调查穗数的 5 8.34% ,品种间有差异。同一条枝梗上部、中部糙米粒重较大 ,枝梗下部糙米粗蛋白含量较高。各穗上部枝梗较中部、下部枝梗糙米粒重较大的穗 ,占调查穗数的 5 8.34% ;下部、中部枝梗粗蛋白含量较高的穗 ,占调查穗数的 83.34%。表明早籼稻米粒重、粗蛋白含量与其着生的位置有关 ,一般早开花的籽粒灌浆启动早、起始生长势快 ,优先获得光合产物 ,粒重较大、粗蛋白产量较高、但粗蛋白含量较低。粒重与粗蛋白产量存在正相关关系、与粗蛋白含量存在负相关趋势。生产上通过基因重组 ,选育高产优质、性状稳定的品种、结合适宜的栽培措施 ,提高源的能力 ,以达到高产优质。

Four varieties of Indica rice, 3 panicles for each, including 144 first rachis branches (ORB) and 67 secondary rachis braches (SRB), were measured by single grain method. The result shown that 76.12% of the SRB have less grain weight than that of the ORB, 73.13% of the SRB have higher rude protein content than that of the ORB, and 58.34%of the panicles yield lower rude protein content in the SRB than that in the ORB. As for a singe branch, more grain weight concentrates on the top and middle section, but higher rude protein content in the bottom section; 58.34% of the panicles have more grain weight in the upper branches than that in middle and the lower branches and 83.34% of the panicles have higher rude protein content in the middle and the lower branches than that in the upper branches. It is showed that the grain weight and rude protein content of Indica rice have relation to the location of growth. As a rule, early blossom has the advantage of prior photosynthesis as to produce more grain weight and higher rude protein yield, but lower rude protein content. The grain weight has been positively relevant to the rude protein yield, but negatively relevant to the rude protein content.