阮元与嘉道时期岭南文化的发展

Ruan Yuan and the Development of Lingnan Culture in the Jia-Dao Period

阮元是清代乾嘉道时期的名臣、著名学者,于嘉庆二十二年八月(1817年)至道光六年夏(1826年)任两广总督。其间又多次兼任广东巡抚、学政以及粤海关监督等职,对清代嘉道年间岭南文化的发展产生了重大而深远的影响。他的贡献首先表现在抵御英国殖民者的入侵、加强海防、维护中华民族尊严方面;而最重要的是对岭南地区教育事业的重视、对人才的培养,其突出的表现就是学海堂的创立。学海堂继承两汉以来的学术传统,在教学内容和考试方法上均有许多创建,它不仅是一所"专勉实学"的教育机构,同时也是发表学术成果、促进学术文化事业发展的重要出版机构,对岭南地区的教育、学术文化和出版事业的发展影响深远,更为中华民族留下了宝贵的遗产。

Ruan Yuan was a well-known official and scholar when Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang were the emperor. From August, 22 Jianqing (1817) to the summer of 6 Daoguang(1826), he was the governor of Guangdong and Guang xi province. During this period he held concurrent posts as grand coordinator, education chief and supervisor of Guangdong. His administration greatly impacted the development of the Lingnan culture in the Jia-Dao period of the Qing dynasty. Ruan Yuan made great contribution to the country by resisting the aggression of the British colonists, strengthening the coastal defense and vindicating the Chinese national honor. But the most significant contribution he made was that he promoted the course of education and the training of talents in the area of Lingnang. The establishment of Xuehai Institution was a good example. The institution carried on the academic tradition which had started from the Han dynasty, and exercised education reform both in teaching content and examination method. It is not only a educational institution but also a publishing house which published research achievements and promoted the development of the course of academy and culture, It greatly impacted the course of education, culture and publication in the area of Lingnan and left a valuable cultural heritage for the Chinese nation.