化解西北地区水资源短缺的对策研究

Studies on the Countermeasures for Scarcity Alleviation of Water Resource in the Northwest Area of China

本文从水资源禀赋的特征和区域比较剖析西北地区水资源的稀缺性 ,进行了西北地区水资源的利用结构与效率的动态变化和横向比较分析。通过西北地区产值增长所需水资源的来源计算分析 ,得知用水效率提高是支撑西北地区最近 2 0年经济增长的主要措施。在此基础上 ,估计西北地区水资源支撑经济增长的潜力。提出了控制农业灌溉面积、水价要反映水资源稀缺程度的变化、发育集体或民营供水企业、从水权交易入手调整用水结构、发挥政府在增加生态用水中的作用、注重开展节水技术的负面影响的调研、慎重调水种粮等值得注意和探讨的问题 ,并做出总结性评论。

Based on the characteristics of water resource amount and its regional comparison, the scarcity of the water resource in northwest area of China was revealed. The dynamic change and regional comparison of the water resource use structure and efficiency were also analysed. By calculating the water resources needed for increasing the production output in northwest area, it was concluded that raising water use efficiency is the important measure for supporting the economic growth in northwest area of China in recent 20 years. Furthermore, the potential of water resource for promoting economic development in northwest area of was estimated. Some suggestions were given to solve the key problems, such as, controlling irrigation area, reflecting the change of water resource scarcity level by water price, cultivating collective and private enterprises for supplying water, adjusting the water use structure based on water right transaction, exerting government roles in increasing water amount for ecological utilization, paying attention to the research on negative impacts of developing water-saving technologies, bewaring of water resource transference for cropping, and so on. The overall remarks were conducted in the past part of this paper.