面向对象基本概念之探讨

On Some Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented Paradigm

一、引言传统的软件开发风范并未能真正解决“软件危机”,人们不得不继续寻找新的解决途径,软件开发的面向对象风范是其中目前人们普遍关注的一种。与传统的自顶向下功能分解的软件开发风范相比,面向对象软件开发是基于问题对象的自底向上的一种风范。功能分解软件开发过程通常被刻画为从“做什么”到“如何做”,面向对象软件开发过程则是从“用什么做”到“要做什么”。前者是从外部功能去模拟客观世界,后者则强调从内部结构去模拟客观世界。什么是对象?面向对象的含义是什么?

Object-oriented paradigm of software development can be summarized as from“by what to do”to“for which to do”,as compared with the traditional paradigm like functional decomposion,which is often characterized as from“what to do”to“how to do”.This paper will focus on the basic con- cepts and ideas behind this new paradigm so as to clarify its essence.