灌水量灌水时间对麦田耗水量及小麦产量的影响

The Effects of Irrigation Rate and Time on Water Consumption and Output of Wheat

以高产、抗旱节水型小麦新品种石4185为试验材料,研究了灌水量、灌水时间对麦田耗水量、耗水强度及小麦产量的影响。试验表明:①随灌水次数增多、灌水量增加,麦田总耗水量增大,土壤水消耗量减少;耗水强度随灌水量的增大而增大,耗水强度的变化与阶段水分供应量有关,供水量越大,耗水强度也越大;②拔节水可以大幅度提高亩穗数,而孕穗、扬花和灌浆水对小麦灌浆有明显的促进作用;③小麦节水灌溉应掌握“前轻后重”或“前控后促”,生产上应重点保证关键水,以拔节、扬花和灌浆3个时期灌水最佳。

Using new wheat variety-shi 4185, which has high yield potential and high resistance to drought, we studied the influence of irrigation rate and time on water consumption, output, yield component of wheat. The results showed that: (1)with the increase of times and rate of irrigation, total water consumption, water consumption intensity also increased, soil water reduced. Variation of water consumption intensity is related to water supply of that stage, The more water supplied, the larger of water consumption intensity. (2)There are two key stages in water's demand in wheat life. That is the stage from jointing to booting and the stage of peak filling. Water at jointing Stage can increase spike numbers, water at booting and peak filling stages can promote kernel weight. (3)For efficient irrigation, We should control at the beginning and accelerating at the end and ensure the key stage water. Irrigation in the stage of booting, anthesis and peak filling is efficient in wheat.