铁路改革非商业性问题研究

Study on the Non-Commercial Issues of Railway Reform

从分析美国Amtrak公司和英国铁路客运特许经营为缘起,探讨了铁路领域与建立市场竞争实体不相容的非商业性部分的改革重组模式,并对各模式的效率,尝试运用信息经济学和交易成本理论进行分析,得出公益性运输应该逐步市场化,对非商业性部分应该采用特许经营方式由独立企业运营,或交给受益企业或地方政府管理的结论。该结论与铁路改革成功的国家(如瑞典)对非商业性部分的改革模式相吻合。

Starting from an analysis to the franchise of American Amtrak com-pany and of British Railway passenger service, the paper carries out a discus-sion upon the reform and reconstruction mode to those incompatible non-com-mercial parts for establishing market competition entity of railway and attemptsto analyze the efficiency of each mode by means of Information Economicsand Exchange Cost Theory. As conclusion, this paper states out: the transpor-tation of public welfare shall be put gradually into market; the non-commercialpart shall be run by independent enterprises in form of franchise or be man-aged by the enterprises who benefit from it or the local government. This con-clusion is in accordance with the mode in those countries who have success-fully launched railway reform to the non-commercial part (Swede, for example).