量子密码学的研究进展

Progress in Quantum Cryptography Research

量子密码术是一种新的重要加密方法 ,它利用单光子的量子性质 ,借助量子密钥分配协议可实现数据传输的可证性安全 .量子密码具有无条件安全的特性 (即不存在受拥有足够时间和计算机能力的窃听者攻击的危险 ) ,而在实际通信发生之前 ,不需要交换私钥 .本文综述了量子密码学的研究进展 ,其中包括了量子密码学的物理基础、量子密钥分配、保密增强。

Quantum cryptology is a new radical approach to the art of cryptography. This new method utilizes the quantum nature of single photon. Data can be transferred with a proven security via the protocols of quantum key distribution. Quantum cryptograph is unconditionally secure (i.e. secure against a spy who has unlimited time and computer power), and it doesnt require a private key exchange before the actual communication takes place. In this paper, the author reviews the recent research progress in quantum cryptography, including the physical foundation of quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, privacy amplification, practicality of quantum key, and existing defects due to current technology limitation.