15个国外李品种花粉生活力的观察

POLLEN VIABILITY OBSERVATIONS OF 15 FOREIGN PLUM CULTIVARS

采用形态法、沙而达考夫染色法和悬滴液发芽法,测定15个国外李品种的花粉量、花粉粒的正常形态和花粉生活力。结果表明,10个品种的花粉量较多,5个品种较少;12个品种的花粉粒正常形态为长椭圆形,3个品种为长桶形;花粉适宜的发芽温度为15℃～20℃;低温对发芽有抑制作用,在9℃条件下,2个品种的发芽率为40 6%和46 1%,其余品种在12 6%～24 8%之间。在3℃条件下,4个品种的发芽率为11 8%～16 2%,其余品种在1 4%～7 8%之间;形态法、染色法的精确度低于发芽法,有77%的可靠性。

With the methods of morphological observation, staining and germination,the pollen amount,pollen morphology and pollen viability of 15 foreign plum cultivars were measured. The results showed that 10 cultivars produced more pollen than the others did. The pollens from 12 cultivars were long ellipses in shape, and the other three were long tubs. The suitable temperature for pollen germination was 15℃～20℃,and the low temperature could inhibit its germination.When the temperature was 9℃,the germination rates of 2 cultivars were 40.6% and 46.1% respectively, and that of the other cultivars were 126%～248%. When the temperature was 3℃,the germination rates of 4 cultivars were 118%～162%, and that of the others were 14%～78%. The results also indicated that the accurcies of morphological observation and staining with 77% were lower than that of germination.