吉林省东南部半山区高效生态农业模式研究——以吉林省柳河县圣水镇为例

Study on the Ecological Agriculture Mode with High Effectiveness——A Case Study of Shengshui Town in Liuhe County of Jilin Province

根据圣水镇小流域自然和社会经济状况以及区域国民经济发展的要求 ,以圣水镇小流域为主体 ,进行试验与示范。开展了水土流失综合治理模式和生态农业模式研究 ,同时进行生态经济效益监测和评价 ,在此基础上构成高效生态农业模式 ,建立具有水土保持兼高效生态经济功能的综合农业复合生态系统 ,实现半山区小流域开发建设中经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的协调与统一 ,在半山区及其类似地区有应用前景和推广价值。

For the demand of national economical development in given region and on the basis of natural and social economical status in small valley of Shengshui Town, the development of integrative restoration and management mode of water and soil loss and ecological agricultural mode were studied, at the same time, the ecological, economical and social benefits were supervised and estimated. On the basis of these, we developed the ecological agriculture mode with high effectiveness, established the integrative and complex agricultural ecological system, and realized the harmonization and unification of ecological benefit, economical benefit and social benefit in small valley of semi-mountain area. These modes have the important appliance foreground and extensive popularization value in semi-mountain area and homoplastic areas.In the mode of ecological economical forest with the function of soil and water reservation, ecological garden had significant benefit with average profit of 7369 yuan(RMB) per hectare, profit margin of 27.53% per yuan cost and labor productivity of 53.61%. Biological output increased to above 18.2-39.2 t/ha in the year of 2000 from 11.8-19.4 t/ha in the year of 1998.The corrasion modulus on slope surface declined above 70% and pathway flux also declined above 50%.The solid exploitation mode with forest, fruit, reservoir, rice has got not only significant economical profit, but also distinctive ecological profit. Before exploitation, the clay inflowing to small reservoir every year make the bottom of reservoir get silt of 3.7-4.2?cm. That is, 1.72?kg/m 2 of soil was lost before exploitation, but only 0.49?kg/m 2 from 1999 to 2000, declining 71.5%. Because of the increment of vegetation cover degree, the quantity of soil and water loss significantly decreases in the areas of catchments. The ecological environment was protected effectively. In this mode, fish output increased to 556.3?kg/m 2 from 375?kg/m 2 before exploitation, rice yield increased to 6500?kg/m 2 from 5100?kg/m 2 before exploitation. On the basis of the characteristics of semi-mountain area, the complex ecological system with the union of fishing, stock raising, grass, forest, fruit and grain was constructed. Within the system every links made up and promote each other, materials and energy was cyclically used in multilayer and many ways. The assistant energy out of system was devoted as little as possible, the production cost was economized and high effectiveness and low cost was realized. Therefore, this mode and technological measures could be extended and applied in analogous areas. Furthermore, the construction of ecological agriculture mode with high effectiveness is the most important content, the sduty group deployed the research work in three sites with an area of 308 ha, at the same time, we used the remote sensing and computer technology for supervising, reviewing, and programming entirely for Shengshui Town, started up the 'greenness action' program, these all get actively radiative and driving effect for Liuhe ecological environment construction and other cities and counties.