在静力与动力荷载作用下拱坝的体形优化

Shape Optimization of Arch Dams for Static and Dynamic Loads

建立了拱坝体形优化的合理而实用的数学模型,提出了有效的求解方法,特别重视工程应用,目前已应用于近三十个实际工程,取得了巨大经济效益,并已应用于250米特高拱坝的设计。作者提出了一系列有效的求解方法,如内力展开法,设计变量指数变换法等等,并首次实现了地震荷载作用下拱坝的体形优化。

Generally speaking, the research works for structural optimization are rather brisk, but the practical applications are relatively rare. This is due to the fact that the structural optimization is one inseparable part of the whole design work so it is more complicated than the ordinary research works. The key to the solution of the problem is to build a rational and practical mathematical model. Much progress has been made in the shape optimization of arch dams in recent years in China. Rational and practical mathematical models and efficient methods of solution have been proposed. Almost all types of arch dams, such as the single-centered arc, multi-centered are, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola and logarithmic spiral, may be designed by the optimization method. Great effort has been made to apply this new technique to practical projects. The methods of mathematical programming have been used to determine the optimum shapes of more than 30 arch dams, including the Laxiwa Arch Dam, 250m in height, which will be the third high arch dam in the world. With the aid of optimization methods, arch dams may be designed with higher speed and higher quality, resulting in remarkable reduction of the cost of the dam. Both the dynamic and the static loads are taken -into account in the process of optimization. A series of methods of solution have been proposed and some of them, such as the internal force expansion method and the exponential transformation of design variables, are also useful for other structures than arch dams.