云南干热河谷农业干旱和对策研究

AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT IN HOT AND ARID VALLEYS OF YUNNAN AND ITS COUNTER-MEASURES

干热河谷是我国西南散布的一类半干旱、干旱地带,自然水分的缺乏制约着干热河谷优势光、热、土地等资源的开发。干旱环境的形成,有显著的低纬、山原、季风的背境特征,农业干旱直接受区域降水与蒸发,地表水与地下水,人类开发利用水资源程度等因素的制约影响,并形成了3种类型的农业干旱地域。为了改善农业干旱状况,需要采取增加控制水量,山地—河谷水资源整体规划,发展高效用水的农业产业等措施。从实际中提炼干热河谷水资源开发的4个模式,并提出了相关的对策意见。

The hot and arid valleys are semiarid and arid areas distributed in southwest China. Being lack of sufficient natural water, the arid environment restricts the exploitation of the superiority resources of heat, light and land in the valleys. The formation of arid environment has obvious background of low latitude, mountain plateau, and monsoon. The agricultural drought is directly controlled by the rain and evaporation, the surface water and ground water, and the human exploitation of the water resources, as a result, three types of arid areas are formed, which are the light, the moderate, and the heavy arid areas. To mitigate the agricultural drought, some countermeasures should be adopted: to increase the controllable water resources, to work out an overall plan for water exploitation in the mountainvalley areas, to make effective use of the rare water in agriculture, in which four patterns of water exploitation are suggested. 