市场机制在白色污染物回收处置中的应用探讨——以上海一次性塑料餐具废弃物为例

Exploration of applying marketing mechanism in reclamation and disposition of white waste pollutant——Case study of one-off plastic tableware waste in Shanghai.

近10年来上海城市生活垃圾组分中,以塑料为代表的包装废物的组分份额上升趋势尤为显著;上海GDP持续高速增长,但单位GDP城市废弃物清运量的下降率却显著低于GDP的年均增长率,一定程度上说明环卫行业的投资渠道较为单一,缺乏竞争和优化配置的市场机制;上海各类废弃塑料主要流向江浙一带,进行小规模低技术层次的加工处理,容易形成隐蔽的废品交易暗流;造成“白色污染”屡禁不止的重要原因是忽视了基于生产者责任的市场调控机制,社会化的回收体系薄弱;上海从2000年10月起,对一次性塑料餐具的回收处置建立了基于生产者责任的市场机制,由于一次性塑料饭盒的区域回收网络建设滞后,实施的效果有效但仍有限.

During recent 10 years, the raising tendency of the portion of plastic package waste in the component of Shanghai urban domestic garbage was obvious especially. The GDP in Shanghai increased continuously, but the decreasing rate of urban waste disposal cleared per unit GDP was much lower than the average annual GDP growth rate. This indicated definitely the result of lacking of marketing mechanism in competitive and superior disposition and shortage of investment in sanitary. Most of waste plastics produced in Shanghai were transformed mainly to those regions in Zhejiang and Jiangsu province to make process treatment of small scale and low technical level; and it was easy to cause illegal waste business. The main cause of ceaseless occurrence of the prohibited while pollution is neglect of the market control mechanism of producer responsibility, thus weakening the social reclamation system. From October 2000 in Shanghai, the marketing mechanism of producer responsibility was established for reclamation and disposition of one-off plastic tableware; and its implement results were effective but still limited due to stagnation of establishing region reclamation.