黄土地区石油类挥发试验与挥发动力学

Volatilization kineties and simulative experiment on volatilization of oil pollutants in the loess plateau of northwest China

通过室内模拟试验研究了石油类污染物在黄土地区土壤和水体表面的挥发迁移及其动力学过程 ,结果表明 ,温度和风速是影响石油类污染物挥发迁移的最重要因素 ,温度升高 ,风速增大都可使挥发迁移速度提高 0 .5～ 5倍以上 ;石油类污染物在黄土地区土壤和水体表面挥发的动力学过程可以用一级反应动力学较好描述 .在试验研究基础上 ,建立了石油类污染物在延安黄土地区土壤和水体表面挥发迁移的动力学模型 。

The kinetic processes of oil volatilization are simulated on water and ocher soil surfaces in the laboratory. The results show that air temperature and wind speed over the surface are the most important factors affecting the kinetic processes: a higher temperature and greater wind speed will accelerate the rate of oil volatilization to 0.5～5 times than normal conditions. The kinetic processes of oil volatilization on the surfaces of water and ocher soil can be described by one-order reaction. A kinetic model of petroleum volatilization has been developed based on the characteristics of the climate and the ocher soils on the loess plateau. The model is verified by the laboratory experiment and can be satisfactorily applied to describe the volatilization process of oil in the environment of this district.