中国陆地地表水生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价

Ecosystem services and their valuation of terrestrial surface water system in China

根据水生态系统提供服务特点,可将水的生态系统服务功能划分为具有直接使用价值的产品和具有间接使用价值的支持系统功能两大类。在评价中,将我国陆地水生态系统分为河流、水库、湖泊、沼泽4个类型,结合基础数据的可获得性,建立了由生活及工农业供水、水力发电、内陆航运、水产品生产、休闲娱乐5个直接使用价值指标和调蓄洪水、河流输沙、蓄积水分、保持土壤、净化水质、固定碳、维持生物多样性7个间接使用价值指标构成的评价指标体系。以2000年为评价基准年份,对全国陆地水生态系统生态经济价值进行了评价,结果表明,陆地地表水生态系统2000年的直接使用价值为4263.91×108元,间接使用价值为5546.92×108元,总价值为9810.83×108元,相当于2000年我国国内生产总值的10.97%。

As a special resource,water is essential for all the living things on earth.Chinese ter-restrial surface water ecosystems are classified into four types of rivers,reservoirs,lakes and marshes.According to their features,two kinds of aquatic ecosystem services are identified in this paper:prod uct supply,and environmental and life support services.The product supply and direct value were estimated and evaluated in terms of water supply for daily uses,industial and agricultural and other economic sectors,hydro-power generation,navigation,re creation and tourism,and aquatic products.The supporting services and their ecological economic values were assessed and evaluated in terms of flood control,river sedimentation transport,water resource storage,soil conservation,environmental purification,wild life habitat providing,C fixation,and biodiversity maintenance.The direct values of Chinese terrestrial surface water ecosystem services in2000were estimated as4263.91×10 8 yuan RMB,and indirect values were5546.92×10 8 yuan RMB.The total value was9810.83×10 8 yuan RMB,and was up to10.97%of the GDP of China in2000.Water ecological services play an even more important role in the society than its products.