关于我国土壤侵蚀模型研究进展

Evolution of Soil Erosion Models in China

土壤侵蚀模型作为了解土壤侵蚀过程与强度,掌握土地资源发展动态,指导人们合理利用土地资源,管理和维持人类长期生存环境的重要技术工具,受到世界各国的普遍重视。本文总结了中国土壤侵蚀模型的主要成果,对经验统计模型、物理成因模型、国外模型在我国的应用方面作了详细的介绍。在总结和评价中国土壤侵蚀模型的基础上,提出了今后土壤侵蚀模型应该注重的发展方向:(1)注重土壤侵蚀模型的理论研究,将从以侵蚀因子为基础的侵蚀预报向侵蚀过程的量化研究和理论完善,研究各侵蚀因子及其交互作用对侵蚀过程的影响,泥沙在复杂坡面以及不同流域尺度间的分散、输移和沉积作用;(2)加强对重力侵蚀、洞穴侵蚀机制的研究,加强对大中流域侵蚀模型的研究;(3)充分利用先进的RS、GIS技术,为侵蚀模型的研究提供大量的数据源,以利于对土壤侵蚀模型的检验。

Soil erosion models are important technique instruments of knowing soil erosio n processes and intensity, mastering soil resource developing trends, directing people to use soil resource reasonably, and managing and maintaining human long time live environment; therefore they are paid attention to by the world countriesThis paper summarizes main achievements of the soil erosion models in China, introducing e xperience statistic models, physical cause models and foreign models applied in China in detail On the base of summarizing and evaluating Chinese soil erosion models, this paper brings forward future developing directions that t he soil erosion models should pay attention to:(1)paying attention to the theor y researches of soil erosion models, consummating from erosion factors basis erosion predict ion to erosion processes quantity and theory researches, studying each erosion f actor and its interaction impact on erosion processes, and sediment dispersion, transportation and deposition action on complex slopeland, as well as different catchments scales; (2) reinforcing the study of gravitation erosion and cave ero sion mechanism, and big and middle scale catchments erosion models;and (3) makin g the best of advanced RS and GIS technology, providing plentiful datum for eros ion models researches, making and for soil erosion models checkout