国内外环境解说研究综述

Progress in Environmental Interpretation: A Literature Review

环境解说最早出现在美国国家公园的服务体系中,伴随着新兴的旅游方式、目的地竞争日益激烈和居民游憩需求的增加,其概念内涵与功能不断发展,并且解说的研究也得到不断完善。本文分别从国外环境解说研究的时代发展和内容上进行划分,而由于国内的研究很少,只作为综述的补充。从20世纪60年代至今环境解说分别经历了"形成期"、"媒介期"、"名正期"以及"初熟期"。在研究内容上,国外的相关研究主要有对解说特征与功能的研究,包括其概念性框架与目标、手段选择、管理功能与经济功能的研究;对解说受众的研究,主要包括对游客的分类研究及解说方式的研究,以及对解说员与游客之间沟通过程的研究等。在西方,环境解说研究通过借助其他各学科的理论而逐渐成熟,笔者建议引入国外成熟理论以建设并完善环境解说学科体系来填补我国在这一研究领域的空白。

Environmental interpretation, as a kind of nature tourism guideline, originally came into being in the national park system of US With constant impro vement of service quality in tourist destinations, increasingly severe competiti on of tourist products, and notable functions of management and economy in inter pretation, the concepts and functions of environmental interpretation are furthe r developed More over, the research of this topic is also being modifiedFrom 1960's, environmental interpretation experienced 4 periods,ie(1) the format ive years,(2) research for the best medium,(3) quest for legitimacy and (4) ea rly maturation The relative research contents were mainly consisted of: (1) th e research of characteristics and functions of interpretation, including concept ual framework and goals, media selection,and function of management and economy; (2) the research of tourists in interpretation, including categories of tourist s and wa ys of interpretation; (3) the research of the communication between interpreters and tourists In western countries, the study of environmental interpretation is more and more mature with the help from other academic fields Therefore, in troducing both theories and experiences of foreign interpretation research into China will help our scientists do further researches in this field