知识的公共性维度引论

An Introduction to Commonality of Knowledge

传统认识论要解决的主要问题是知识的普遍必然性、客观性问题。无论是经验论,还是唯理论,对于知识的公共性则只当作一个隐含的假定,并未予以重视。作为传统认识论典范的康德哲学企图把经验论和唯理论最深刻的洞见结合起来,把普遍有效性规定为客观有效性,凸显了知识的公共性,极具深刻之处,但囿于先验哲学的立场,也未能合理地解决知识的客观有效性问题。我们通过借鉴20世纪西方哲学在知识的客观有效性问题方面所取得的有意义的成果和对马克思关于"真理问题"的有关论述进行分析,提出并论证了知识的客观有效性问题并非是一个简单的事后验证问题,而是一个包含诸多环节的复杂结构。公共性是客观有效性得以实现的一个必要环节。我们借助公共性维度的引入,知识的客观有效性问题的解决才具有了现实性。

The main problems traditional epistemology tries to solve are the universal necessity and objectivity of knowledge. Both empiricism and rationalism consider the commonality of knowledge as a hidden supposition without paying attention to it. As a model of traditional epistemology, Kant philosophy attempts to combine the most significant opinions of empiricism and rationalism. It regards universal validity as objective validity. It is quite valuable that the commonality of knowledge is emerged. However, the problem of the objective validity of knowledge has not been solved reasonably because of its stand of transcendental philosophy. Drawing on the experience of the valuable achievements on objective validity of knowledge in the 20th century Western philosophy and analyzing Marx′s discussion on 'truth question', we point out and demonstrate that the problem of objective validity of knowledge is not simple a thing of 'after-the -fact' test, but a complex structure that contains some links. Commonality is one necessary link of objective validity. So, with the help of commonality, we can solve the problem of objective validity of knowledge.