句子结构中的主语与主位分析比较

A Comparison of Subject and Theme in Syntactic Analysis

对句法的研究 ,传统的方法是作句子成分分析 ,分别找出句子的主谓结构。这种分析方法只是停留在单句结构平面上 ,无法解释它的结构形式和它所要表达的功能之间有什么样的联系。系统功能语法从语篇功能的角度将小句划分为主位和述位 ,弥补了传统语法中主语概念的局限性。本文主要通过介绍主语和主位划分的异同 ,阐明主位概念对认识小句语篇功能的意义。文章最后通过对具体语篇的主位研究 ,介绍了主位结构在篇章分析中的应用。

The traditional grammar makes a syntactic analysis of a sentence by locating its members of speech such as subject and predicate. This approach only stays on the surface level of syntactic structure, without revealing the relationship between a particular language form and its function. The systemic-functional grammar proclaims a theoretical and reasonable analysis of Theme and Rheme in a clause from its perspective of textual function. This paper, by way of distinguishing the difference between subject and theme, aims at expounding the significance of theme in revealing the clause as an exchange. It also tries to demonstrate the practical application of theme in discourse analysis with an exemplification.