契约理念引入行政法的背景分析——基础与条件

Background for the Introduction of Contractual Ideas to Administrative Law: Basis and Conditions

市场经济和市场经济下的行政机关与公民的关系 ,既是行政法和契约的基础 ,也构成了二者结合的基础 ;民主为契约理念在行政法中的确立奠定了观念与制度的基础 ,也正是民主孕育着行政法的契约精神 ,而行政职能的转变及多元化行政的出现 ,为契约在行政法中的应用提供了广阔的空间 ;法治理念与契约理念有着异曲同工之妙 ,二者互为基础 ;立法对契约的规定与行政的实际运作 ,表明了契约理念的确立已具有现实的可行与必要。契约理念确立的条件 ,可从行政、行政相对人、行政关系中的利益及契约与依法行政的结合等方面来解读 :行政的开放性与文化支撑性、行政相对人的独立性和参与性、行政关系中不同利益的可交换性、契约与依法行政的相融性。

Market-oriented economy system and the relationship between administrative agencies and the public under this system, are the basis of administrative law, the contract and the combination of the two. Democracy lays a foundation in system and people's mind for the establishment of contractual ideas in administrative law, and it is democracy that breeds the contractual spirit of administrative law. In return, the change of administrative functions and the pluralistic administration offer broad space for the application of contract to administrative law. The ideas of rule of law and contract are similar, and they are the basis of each other. The providing of contract by legislation and real action of administration show that the introduction of contractual ideas has the possibility and necessity in reality. As for the conditions of contractual ideas, they can be interpreted from the aspects of administration, private party, interests in the administrative relations, and the combination of contract and administration according to the law, etc. To be specific, it involves the opening and culture supporting of administration, independence and participation of private party, exchange of different interests in administrative relations and the co-ordination of contract and administration according to the law.