云南永仁菜园子、磨盘地遗址2001年发掘报告

EXCAVATION OF THE CAIYUANZI AND MOPANDI SITES IN YONGREN, YUNNAN, IN 2001

一、前言永仁县位于云南省西北部楚雄彝族自治州境内,以金沙江为界与四川省攀枝花市相邻(图一)。这里属于金沙江河谷地区,山高谷深,地貌复杂多样;金沙江支流永定河从县城所在地永定镇南面蜿蜒而过,这里气候干热,热量多年平均积温达5934℃,居全国第二,年均降雨量为833.9毫米,风向以西南风为主,次为东风和西风。

The Caiyuanzi site lies on the second terrace on the southern bank of the Yongding River in Yongren county of northwestern Yunnan province, at a height of 1530 m above the sea level. It occupies an area of 20,000 sq m. The Mopandi site is situated on the first terrace of the Yongding River, 200 m southeast of the Caiyuanzi site. In the spring of 2001, 300 sq m of the Caiyuanzi site and 100 sq m of the Mopandi site were excavated. The cultural deposits on the Caiyuanzi site fall into four layers. The vestiges include 9 houses-foundations and 8 ash-pits. Among the unearthed objects are stone, pottery, bone and metal artifacts and some animal bones. The stone implements are composed of axes, adzes, chisels, knives, arrowheads, sinkers, wedge-shaped cores and flakes. The pottery includes jars with a flared, straight or inward curved mouth, bo-bowls, pots and basins. The main designs are incised and pierced patterns and fine cord marks. The identified animal species include the cattle, pig, sheep, dog, chicken, macaque, lake-deer and water-deer. The cultural deposits of the Mopandi site can be divided into 6 layers. The vestiges are composed of two house-foundations, a fireplace, a trench and seven cists. The unearthed stone and pottery objects are identical in type with those from the Caiyuanzi site. Furthermore, two kg of carbonized rice grains were unearthed. The Caiyuanzi site is C14-dated to 3190 ± 80 BP (4290±135 BP by dendrochronological calibration); the Mopandi site, about 3400 BP.