苏联时期俄国城市化的特征及历史渊源

Characteristic and Historical Origins of Russian Urbanization in Soviets Period

俄国城市的雏形是军事、行政中心 ,而非手工业、商业中心。苏联时期 ,俄国城市化发展迟缓 ,水平低下。从历史根源上看 ,萎靡不振的大陆性贸易 ,根深蒂固的专制主义极权统治 ,村社宗法文化的长期存在 ,东正教伦理培育起来的俄罗斯民族对市场经济的不适应性、对西方民主自由的蔑视和对个性的扼杀 ,农奴制改革的短期效应 ,赶超型的军事工业化战略 ,都严重阻碍了苏联时期城市化发展的进程。

Russian cities in their embryonic stage were military and administrative centers, rather than handicraft, industrial and trading centers. Cities developed very slowly in Soviets period, and their developing level was very low. The factors such as the lethargic mainland trade, the deep rooted autocracy, the long term existence of clan village culture, the Russian race's inadaptability to market economy, their disregard for the Western democracy and liberty, and their strangling of individuality as a result of their faith in the ethics of the Orthodox Church, the short term effect of serfdom reformation and war industrialization strategy which intended to surpass the Western countries were all the historical roots which retarded the urbanization process in Soviets period.