清代小报辨析

Discrimination of the Mini-news Papers in Qing Dynasty

清代小报与以往研究者所描绘的有很大的出入。首先清代小报的概念是指未经发抄而被刊载传播的新闻。其次,清代小报的发行者不仅仅有驻京提塘及其刷写报文者。还有民间报房《京报》的主人及其刷写报文者,以及偶尔为之的个人。小报从清代之初就开始被当局一再禁止,但又屡禁不止,甚至在某种程度上公开存在,究其原因是清代小报本身的隐蔽性和中国封建社会缺乏立法精神使然。

The description of the mini-news papers nowadays is much different from that done by the past researchers. First, the conception of the mini-news paper then refers to the news that are published and spread but not formally issued. Second, the publishers of them not only were the titang (martial liaison officers living in the capital of various provinces) and their news printers and copying writers, but also the masters of civilian-run news paper publishers <Capital News Papers> and their news printers and copying workers; occasionally, there were some individuals. From the early period to the end of Qing dynasty, mimi-news papers were forbidden again and again by the authority, but they did not stop even they existed openly in certainly degree. The reason lay in that the conceal nature of the mini-newspapers themselves and the short of legislation spirit of old Chinese society.