20世纪的俄罗斯历史——苏联解体以来俄罗斯学者及民众评价

20th Century Russian History——Russian Scholars' Comments after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union

苏联解体以来,俄罗斯学者及民众对20世纪俄罗斯的历史评价,在史学理论和方法方面与过去侧重于阶级斗争史和政治史不同,拓宽了史学研究的领域,加强了对社会史、经济史、文化人类学、革命与改良的关系、宗教和教会等方面的研究。在对20世纪俄罗斯历史的总体评价方面认为其成就是消除了文盲,开展了大规模的中等和高等教育,建立了强大的工业,在航天航空等方面取得了成就和实行了免费医疗,但对俄罗斯其他历史时期的评价则意见不一。在关于重大历史事件和历史人物的评价方面,对十月革命、斯大林和斯大林时代、苏联解体及影响也都有不同的认识和评价。

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, comments of Russian scholars and masses on the history of the 20th century Russian history have the following features: 1 Broadened the scope of historical studies; 2 Strengthened the researches in social history, economy history, cultural anthropology and the relationship between revolution and improvement; 3 Reached some consensus on the achievements in the 20th century; 4 Different opinions remain on the assessment of major historical events and figures such as the October Revolution and Stalin.