针对韩国人的汉语教学——"文字代沟"对对外汉语教学的启示

Revelation of "Character Gap" for Chinese Teaching as a Second Language

全面而正确地了解教学对象是教学过程中的一个重要环节。目前在对外汉语教学领域对韩国人学习汉语中的正迁移问题,存在片面的了解,认识也很笼统。本文针对这一问题,用大量的资料、统计和分析,介绍其真实的情况,以便在对外汉语教学的研究和实践中更有针对性,更为科学地引导我们的教学活动。(1)资料显示,韩国的韩文政策导致了文字代沟,韩国人并不是人人懂汉字,不能一视同仁。(2)统计表明,收录在词典上的不少汉字词已不再使用,这些词说是汉字词其实对韩国人来说是陌生的;据中学课文的调查,韩国年轻人对汉字词的理解有困难。(3)种种迹象说明韩国开始重视汉字问题,而韩国的汉字教学是以学习汉文(古文)为目的,其教学内容和方法都较为传统,这决定了他们对现代汉语了解甚微。

It is an important segment to comprehend teaching objects thoroughly and exactly in Chinese teaching. At the present time, positive migration in Chinese studying of Korean is misapprehended. A large number of people are not familiar with Korean circumstances and they only bear general cognition. According to this problem, this paper analyzes actual circumstance in Korea, using abundant materials and statistics. (1) The materials show that language policies in Korea bring on 'character gap'. Part of Korean understand Chinese characters, which can not be treated equally without discrimination. (2) The statistics indicate that many Chinese character word listed in the dictionaries are not used anymore. According to diagnoses on texts of middle school, it exists difficulties for young people in Korea to understand Chinese character words. (3) The evidences show that Korean begin to attach importance to Chinese characters. However, the object of Chinese character teaching in Korea is to study ancient Chinese and its teaching contents and methods are traditional, which results in Korean's incomprehension on modern Chinese.