新型医用防护口罩过滤材料的结构与性能

Structure property of a new filtering material for making medical masks

目的 :研究由超细熔喷 (MF)非织造材料为主组成的新型防护口罩过滤材料的结构特点和滤过性能。方法 :以 (1) 2 0层纱布口罩 ,(2 )单层棉水刺布口罩 ,(3) MF门诊口罩 ,(4 ) MF加强口罩 ,(5 ) MF加强口罩 为对象 ,以扫描电镜观察滤料的结构 ,以多孔材料孔径测试仪检测滤料孔径 ,钠焰法气溶胶滤料效率检测仪检测滤过效率。 结果 :MF为直径 <3μm的超细纤维 ,由其组成的过滤材料是随机三维分布、多重弯曲通道的复合结构。 MF口罩滤材对于 0 .3μm气溶胶微粒的滤过效率达 96 .2 %～ 99.5 7% ,而纱布口罩仅为 5 0 .9% ;其呼吸阻力前者为 2 6～ 4 3Pa,后者为 4 8Pa;MF口罩还具有良好的除湿性能和驻极体电介质作用 ,后者可主动捕获有害有毒颗粒。结论 :由新型 MF材料为主组成的新一代医用防护口罩过滤性能好、效率高 ,呼吸阻力低 ,是防严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)

Objective: To study the structure property of a superfine melt blow(MF) non woven material for making medical masks and its filtering functions. Methods: Five kinds of masks were tested and they were: 20 layer gauze mask, cotton spunlace mask, MF outpatient mask, MF medical protective mask Ⅰ and MF medical protective mask Ⅱ. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the structure of the filtering materials. The aperture of the materials was measured and the filtering efficacy was tested. Results: The diameter of MF fibers was less than 3 μm and the material made from it was randomly distributed with multi curve channels and complex structure. The filtering efficacy of the new material was 96.2% 99.5% for ambient aerosol particles with a diameter of 0.3 μm, while the efficacy of 20 layer gauze mask was 50.9%. As for respiratory resistance the former was 26 43 Pa and the later was 48 Pa. Besides, MF mask had good humid proof function and the character of electronic charge, and the later could help capture the particles. Conclusion: The new masks made from MF material has good filtering function and low respiratory resistance, which can be used to prevent SARS virus.