超声对四种常见宫内节育器异常和避孕失败的临床分析

Clinical Analysis on Abnormal and Contraceptive Failure of 4 Types of IUD by Ultrasound

目的 应用超声检查探讨和比较四种常见宫内节育器(IUD)异常及其对避孕效果的影响。方法 对已放置IUD的1741名育龄妇女(金属单环834例、宫形环215例、TCu环498例、MLCu环194例)进行超声检查,其结果按环型分组作对比分析。结果 活性IUD(TCu环、MLCu环)移位发生率高于惰性IUD,(金属单环、宫形环),P<0.05;而活性IUD带器妊娠发生率明显低于惰性IUD,P<0.05。IUD移位的三个异常环位(斜置、低置、宫颈内置)、带器妊娠人数的比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 移位是IUD异常中最常见和导致避孕失败的主要原因。活性含铜IUD的避孕效果是明显的。超声诊断能够准确地测出IUD在宫腔的位置,发现IUD异常情况,是研究IUD有价值的检测方法。

Objective To explore and compare the abnormal rate and pregnancy rate of 4 types of IUD by ultrasound. Methods The women at reprouctive age, 1 741 IUD users were dividded into 4 groups of IUD(stainless steel 834, uterine shaped steel IUD 215, Tcu 498, Multiload 194), and compared their abnormal rate and pregnancy rate. Results The displacement rate was higher in copper - bearing IUD than in inert IUD ( P < 0.05) , the rate of pregnancy with IUD was much lower in copper - bearing IUD than in inert IUD ( P < 0.05). There was not relationship between the rate of pregnancy with IUD and the location of displaced IUDs in uterine ( P > 0.05). Conclusion The displacement of IUD is the most common cause among abnormal of IUDs and the maim cause of contraceptive failure of IUDs as well. The results show that copper- bearing IUD is more effective than inert IUD. Ultrasonic diagnosis is accurate in measuring location of IUD in uterine, and is a valuable method to explore IUD abnormality.