华北地区水循环与水资源安全:问题与挑战(一)

Water cycle and water resources safety in North China:problems and challen ges(1)

华北地区缺水及其日趋严重的生态环境变化是中国首要解决的问题之一。目前,由于山区和平原径流明显减少和过量开发利用水资源,业已造成了地下水漏斗、平原区河道干涸、湖泊湿地萎缩、地表和地下水污染等生态环境恶化问题,严重影响了华北地区水资源安全。以海河流域为重点对象,通过国内外学科前沿进展综述,指出华北地区缺水及其导致的生态环境恶化问题背后的自然和人文因素作用和发展演化的背景,强调高强度人类活动作用下的水循环基础研究的重要性,提出华北地区水资源安全的水循环基础与应用问题研究的若干建议。在此基础上,研究自然和人类活动双重作用下的华北地区水循环过程、水体运动与污染物质输移及其与生态环境演变的耦合机制,阐明华北地区“河道断流,水体污染,湿地消失,地下水枯竭”的成因规律特别是人类活动的驱动分量,提出生态环境修复的理论基础。这不仅对变化环境下流域水环境演变的地学基础科学前沿研究有重大的学术价值,而且对中国可持续发展和社会进步具有重要的战略意义。

Water shortage in North China and increasingly seriou s ecological environmental deterioration is one of the top problems in China. At present,obvious decease of runoff in mountain region and plain and over-ex ploitation and utilization of water resources have caused the deteriorated prob lems in ecological environment such as groundwater funnel,wadi in plain regio n,loss of lakes and wetlands,pollution of surface water and ground water etc .,which affect the water resources safety in North China.This paper focuses o n the Haihe River Basin,points out the influences of natural and human factor s and background of developmental evolvement which is on back of water shorta ge in North China and increasingly serious ecological environmental deterioratio n,emphasizes the importance of fundamental study on water cycle under the effe ct of highly intensive human activities,and puts forward some suggestions on w ater cycle basis of water resources safety in North China and its application s tudy.Based on this,the author studies North China water cycle process,water body movement ,pollutant transmission and it's coupling system with ecological environment evolvement,elucidates the formation cause of 'dried river channe l,water body pollution,loss of wetland,exhaustion of groundwater',and put s forward the theoretic basis of ecological environment restoration.This not only has significant academic value on geological fundamental science advance research of basin water environment evolvement under changing environment,bu t also has important strategic significance to Chinese sustainable development and social progress.