栽培因子对大豆生长发育及群体产量的影响 Ⅱ.肥水、生长调控措施对产量的影响

Effect of culture factors on growth and yield of soybean Ⅱ. Effect of fertilizer application, watering, growth regulate measures on yield

研究了影响大豆产量的栽培因子———肥水、化控、化调、掐顶对大豆器官的生长发育和养分(NPK)吸收、生化指标、株型性状和群体产量的影响。结果表明:苗期肥水促进中期中部器官(叶、柄、茎节)的生长,花期肥水促进中后期上部器官(叶、柄、茎节)的生长;不同时期追施氮肥、磷肥,显著促进大豆相应生长中心器官对养分的吸收,追施氮肥不仅氮素含量增加,还有"以氮促磷"、"以氮促钾"的作用,并呈现出随着追肥期的推迟籽粒蛋白质含量增加的趋势;夏大豆最佳追肥时期是初花至花后10d,比对照增产15.6%～24.2%。多效唑化控,株高降低,叶片变小,籽粒产量有增有减。试验6种生长调节剂,"华孚"增产显著,增产5.8%。

Effect of cultivative factors, such as fertilizer, watering, chemical regulate agents and prunning on soybean growth and development, absorption of nutrients (N,P,K), biochemical index, plant types and gross yield were analysed. The results showed that applying fertilizer and watering in seedling stage could promote the growth of middle part organs (leaf, petiole, stem) in middle growing stage. Fertilizer application and watering in flowering stage could increase the growth of upper part organs (leaf, petiole, stem) in middle-late growing stage. Applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in different stages could greatly enhance the nutrient absorption for corresponding growth centre organs. Using nitrogen fertilizer increased not only the nitrogen content, but also the phosphorus and potassium contents, and showed the tendency that the protein content in seeds were increased with the postponement of appling time. The optimum appling fertilizer time was from initial flowering to 10days after flowering, which could get 15.6%～24.2% yield higher than check, PP333 applied could lead to plant height reduction, leaf smaller, yield increase or decrease. Among 6 chemical regulate agents,Huafu could increase yield by 5.8%.