论云南果树的结构调整

A discussion on structural adjustment of fruit cultivation in Yunnan

根据云南水果的产销现状和果种、品种的现实结构,分析了加入WTO和西部大开发后对云南水果生产带来的机遇与挑战,认为这种现状和结构已不适应即将出现的市场变化和需求。根据云南地形复杂,气候多样,果树呈热带、亚热带、温带和寒温带"四带俱全"的垂直分布特点,提出"因地制宜,因市需要,扬长避短,发挥优势"的原则和"种、控、改、伐"措施,以便各地按照不同的气候环境和市场需求,调整果种布局、品种结构和熟期比例,从而发展适地适树适销的对路品种,并对主要果树中适宜云南种植的优良品种,列了名称、可供各地在调整果树结构时参考。

On the basis of present conditions of fruit production and its market,as well as cultivation structure of fruit species and varieties,the opportunities and challenges of fruit production in Yunnan,brought out along with Chinas accession of WTO and the implementation of the Western Development of China project,were analyzed.It was considered that the present fruit cultivation structure in the province cannot fulfill the needs of the market.There are complicated topography and diverse climates in Yunnan province,which resulted in vertical fruit distribution characteristics in tropical,subtropical,temperate,and cold temperate zones.In accordance with the characteristics of landform,climate,and fruit species and varieties in Yunnan,a strategy to adjust the fruit cultivation structure were proposed with the principle of 'acting according to actual circumstances,producing according to market needs,using advantages and avoiding disadvantages' and the measures of 'planting,controlling,converting and cutting'.The strategy suggested that species distribution,varieties cultivation structure,and fruiting proportion should be adjusted based on the different climate and market conditions in Yunnan.The adjusted structure would meet the requirements of different places,different fruit species/varieties,and market needs as well.Of major fruit species,improved varieties suitable for Yunnan were listed at the end,so as to provide a reference for the adjustment of fruit cultivation structure in each place of the province.