镍冶炼烟尘致NIH3T3细胞形态转化作用的实验研究

Morphological transformation of mouse NIH3T3 cells induced by nickel refining dusts in vitro

目的 研究镍冶炼工人接触烟尘的生物学效应。方法 以来自我国两家镍冶炼厂的镍冶炼烟尘为受试物 ,处理小鼠NIH3T3细胞 ,观察细胞吞噬活性、毒性和转化活性 ,预测镍冶炼烟尘的致癌危险性。结果 (1)两种镍冶炼烟尘均可被NIH3T3细胞吞噬 ,两样品在 10 0 .0 0 0 μg/ml剂量的吞噬率分别为6 9 .0 %、39.0 % ,2 0 0 .0 0 0 μg/ml剂量的吞噬率分别为 78.0 %、4 7.0 % ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。剂量为12 .5 0 0～ 10 0 .0 0 0 μg/ml时 ,两样品的相对克隆形成率分别为 71.1%～ 3.9%和 84 .4 %～9.1%。两种镍冶炼烟尘以克隆形成率表示的细胞毒性与Ni2 O3 接近 ,高于TiO2 ,而低于阳性对照物N 甲基 N’ 硝基 N 亚硝基胍 (MNNG)。 (2 )MNNG、Ni2 O3 和两份镍冶炼烟尘均可诱发NIH3T3细胞发生形态转化 ,两种镍冶炼烟尘在 12 .5 0 0～ 5 0 .0 0 0 μg/ml范围内的转化率分别为 1.9%～ 3.6 %和 0 .9%～ 2 .5 %。 (3)MNNG和镍冶炼烟尘处理的NIH3T3细胞均可与刀豆素A(ConA)发生凝集反应 ,并能在软琼脂培养基中形成集落 ,验证了转化克隆的可靠性。结论 镍冶炼烟尘具有细胞转化活性 ,为镍冶炼烟尘的致癌危险性以及镍冶炼工肺癌的病因学研究提供了新的实验室证据。

Objective To study the biological effects of nickel-refining dust. Methods The cell phagocytosis,transformation activity,and cytotoxicity of the mouse NIH3T3 cells treated with nickel-refining dusts from two nickel-refining factories in China were observed,and the risk of carcinogenicity was studied. Results (1)Two samples of nickel-refining dusts could be phagocytosed by mouse NIH3T3 cells with different phagocytizing rates of 69.0% and 39.0% at 100.000 μg/ml,and 78.0% and 47.0% at 200.000 μg/ml respectively.The relative clone formation rates at 12.500 μg/ml to 100.000 μg/ml were 71.1% to 3.9% and 84.4% to 9.1%,respectively.The cytotoxicity expressed by clone formation rate was similar to that of Ni_2O_3,but higher than that of TiO_2 and lower than the positive control of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine(MNNG).(2)MNNG,Ni_2O_3 and the two samples of nickel-refining dusts could induce morphological transformation in NIH3T3 cells.The transformation rate at 12.500 μg/ml to 50.000 μg/ml were 1.9% to 3.6% and 0.9% to 2.5% respectively in a dose-dependent manner.(3)The NIH3T3 cells treated by MNNG and nickel-refining dusts could induce Con A agglutination,and may form as clone in soft agar.This finding proved the reliability of the transformed clone. Conclusions The present study for the first time demonstrate that nickel-refining dusts have cell transformation activity.The findings provide a new experimental evidence for the carcinogenic risk of nickel-refining dusts,and for the aetiology of lung cancer in nickel-refining workers.