农村贫困地区高血压危险因素和血压控制情况的调查

Survey on the risk factors of hypertension and blood pressure control work in depressed rural areas

目的 研究我国农村贫困地区高血压危险因素患病意识和血压控制情况,为卫生管理部门的卫生决策提供基础,为提高农民预防观念和促进健康教育、预防和控制高血压提供依据。方法 采用病例对照研究,在彰武县农村选取110名男性高血压患者(病例组)和110名男性血压正常者(对照组),进行问卷调查。结果 病例组与对照组均有不良的生活习惯,高血压危险因素在彰武县农村农民中流行率较高,如吸烟、酗酒、喝茶、高盐饮食的比例分别达81.8％、74.5％、86.4％、58.2％以上;很少吃水果、蛋类和动物性蛋白质者分别为59.1％、51.8％、47.3％以上,每人每天食盐和猪油摄入量分别为22.4 g和23.0 g,具有高血压和高血脂患病意识者仅为27.3％和35.5％。高血压患者中高血压家族史、超重、低豆制品摄入率分别为44.5％、34.6％、31.8％,显著高于对照组。病例组仅有40％的人有规律地服用降压药,血压控制良好者仅占13.6％。未服药者中94.3％是因为对高血压危害严重程度认识不足。结论 吸烟、低豆制品摄入、超重、高盐和高脂肪摄入可能是高血压的危险因素,在广大农村社区应加强健康教育和健康促进,提倡良好的生活方式,大力开展预防工作。

[ Objective ] To study the risk factors of hypertension and blood pressure control work in depressed rural areas, to lay the foundation of hygienic policy for hygienic management, and to lay the foundation for promoting health education and controlling hypertension. [Methods] By case-control study, 110 male hypertension patients (treatment group) and 110 healthy male fanners were interviewed with questionnaires. [Results] Both the two group have harmful habits like smoking (81.8%), excessive drinking (74.5%), tea drinking (86.4% ) and excessive salt intake (58.2% ), which are risk factors for hypertension. 59.1% , 51 .8% and 47.3% of them seldom eat fruits, eggs and animal protein respectively. The amounts of salt intake and lard intake were 22.4g and 23.0g respectively. Only 27.3% and 35 .5 % of them have the consciousness of hypertension and hyperlipidemia respectively. In the hypertension patients, the rate of family history, overweight and low bean-intake were 44.5% , 34.6% and 31.8% respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control group. Only 40% of the treatment group took de-pressure medicine regularly, 13.6% of them were kept in good control of hypertension. 94.3% of those who did not take medicine were lack of hypertension knowledge. [Conclusion] Smoking, low bean-intake, overweight, excessive salt intake and high fat-intake might be the risk factors for hypertension. It is necessary and important to enhance the health education and encourage good habit in the rural areas.