植物纤维在供氢溶剂中的液化反应

Thermochemical Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Materials in Hydrogen-donor Solvent

用热化学液化方法可以将植物纤维原料液化成为烃、醇、酚、羧酸等多种有机物,这些有机物可做液体燃料和化工原料。使用供氢溶剂,可以起到类似于加氢反应的作用,即封闭液化生成的碎片自由基,防止碎片的重结合形成更难以分解的缩合产物。文章主要综述植物纤维的主要成分纤维素和木质素在供氢溶剂中的液化工艺以及反应的机理,以及催化剂在植物纤维液化中的作用和催化机理。

Lignocellulosic materials can be liquefied into hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids as well as many other organic compounds by thermochemical methods. The products can be used as liquid fuels and chemical feedstock. Hydrogen-donor solvents can prevent the re-condensation of the fragments formed during the liquefaction procedure by transferring hydrogen to liquefaction fragments and blocking the free radicals, which is similar to hydrogenation. The procedures and mechanisms of liquefaction of wood as well as its main components, cellulose and lignin, are reviewed in this paper. The functions of the catalysts, which play very important roles during the liquefaction, were also reviewed.