上海地区人乳中六六六、滴滴涕蓄积水平的动态研究

Dynamic Study on the Accumulative Levels of Benzene Hexachloride (BHC) and Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) in the Mothers' Milk in Shanghai

[目的 ]通过调查对上海地区人群体内六六六、滴滴涕蓄积水平及动态变化进行调查 ,对我国 1983年以来限、禁六六六、滴滴涕农药的效果进行综合评价。 [方法 ]于 1983 ,1986,1988和 2 0 0 2年 ,采集哺乳期妇女奶样 ,按照我国生物监测统一方法测定六六六、滴滴涕含量。 [结果 ]上海地区 2 0 0 2年人乳脂肪含量为 2 45 0 %。奶脂中 β 六六六的平均浓度 (中位数 )从 1983年的 2 2 6μg/g降到 2 0 0 2年的 1 73 2 μg/g。但从 1988年以来其下降仅为 14 680 %。目前婴儿自母乳中摄入的总六六六平均含量 6 5 40 μg/kgbw ,小于世界卫生组织 1989年规定的 10 μg/kg公斤体重的最高每日允许摄入量 (ADI) ,但其中超标率为 18.3 0 %。奶脂中P ,P DDE的平均浓度从 1983年的 13 90 0 μg/g降到 2 0 0 2年的 1 15 9μg/g ;同时P ,P DDT从 2 990 μg/g降至 0 0 84μg/g。总DDT也从 1988年的 11 40 0 μg/g降至 2 0 0 2年的 1 2 87μg/g。目前婴儿自母乳中摄入的总滴滴涕平均含量 4 0 14 μg/kgbw ,小于世界卫生组织 1989年规定的 2 0 μg/kg公斤体重的最高每日允许摄入量 (ADI) ,但其中超标率为 0 80 6%。 [结论 ]自 1983年停用有机氯农药以后 ,人乳中的六六六、滴滴涕含量明显下降 ,但 2 0 0

Objective] To study the accumulative levels of benzene hexachloride (BHC) and dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) in the mothers milk in Shanghai from 1983 to 2002. The general evaluation of the effects of prohibition and restriction on use of BHC and DDT in China since 1983 were given in this paper. [Methods] In 1983,1986,1988 and 2002,the milk samples were respectively collected from women during lactation period in five districts of Shanghai and the contents of BHC and DDT in breast milk were determined according to Chinese standard method for biomonitoring. [Results] The median fat content of the mothers milk was about 2 450% in 2002. The median concentration of β BHC decreased from 22 6 μg/g in 1983 to 1 732 μg/g in 2002,and the levels of median BHC daily intake in the infants population was 6 540 μg/kg bw and less than ADI of WHO in 1989,but the rate over ADI is 18 30%. The median concentration of P,P DDE decreased from 13 900 μg/g in 1983 to 1 159 μg/g in 2002,and that of P,P DDT descended from 2 990 μg/g to 0 084 μg/g. The total median concentration of DDT dropped from 11 400 μg/g in 1988 to 1 287 μg/g in 2002. The levels of total DDT daily intake in the infants population was 4 014 μg/kg bw and less than ADI of WHO in 1989. [Conclusion] The accumulative levels of BHC and DDT had declined since 1983 BHC and DDT were prohibited. However,we should pay more attention to the further influence on the infants. And keep monitoring the contents of BHC and DDT in mothers milk.