栉孔扇贝病原感染与病害发生关系探讨

The relationship between pathogenic infecion status and motality of the scallop Chlamys farreri

利用电镜负染技术检测自然海区养殖和人工感染试验的栉孔扇贝组织提取液,分别发现病毒和类立克次氏体(RLO)两种病原体。动态检测两类病原体感染状况与整个养殖期间栉孔扇贝发病死亡情况,结果表明,养殖期间病毒感染率在80%～100%之间,最大感染强度出现在栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的7、8月份。人工感染病毒的栉孔扇贝,其病毒感染率和感染强度与养殖栉孔扇贝大规模死亡时期相当。而两种情况下栉孔扇贝类立克次氏体的感染率和感染强度均未见明显变化。综合分析表明,病毒可能是造成栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的直接病原体。

Pathogenic infection status of the cultured scallop Chlamys farreri was investigated from May to November 2001.With negative staining technique, virus and Rickettisialike organisms (RLO) were detected in tissue extract of samples. Infection rate of virus ranged from 80% to 100%. The highest infection intensity of virus is found in July and August when acute death of Chlamys farreri occurred. Similar results acquired after Chlamys farreri was injected with virus. The present work demonstrated that infection rates and intensity of RLO were not significantly different for cultured and artificial infected Chlamys farreri. The observation in 98 specimens confirmed that the direct pathogen of explosive epidemic disease of Chlamys farreri was possibly a kind of spherical RNA virus with envelope and spike in cytoplasm. Which was found in a large amount during whole culture period and throughout all parts of the host.