再论“三位一体”的农村改革观——农村管理模式的逻辑演进

A Recognition of the Outlook on the "Three-in-one" Style Rural Reformation

历史上每一次土地制度、赋税制度和行政管理体制的较大规模变革,都是同步配套进行的,有其相互关联性和一般规律性。新中国成立后,在城乡对立的二元经济社会结构中,农村集体土地制度、农民收入分配制度和农村行政管理体制自成一体,封闭运行,城乡差别日益扩大,同时附带了明显的“外部性”问题。改革开放以来,国家新的农村政策导向和农村新经济因素的产生,正在促使中国经济社会结构由农村农业、城市工业的二元结构向城市、小城镇、乡村多种产业组合和多样化的生活方式并存的三元结构转换,终将形成城乡一体化发展的新格局。农村集体土地制度、国民收入分配制度和国家行政管理体制,必须要按照社会主义市场经济发展的基本规律和城乡经济社会协调发展的新要求,进行一次最彻底的整体性配套改革。

In traditional agricultural society, feudal land system, tax system and local village system had always been in objective existence altogether, almost every comparatively large-scaled reformation of land system in history was basically carried out in accordance with the reformations of tax system and administrative system, and there were some intrinsic connections and regularity between the reformations of the three systems. After P. R. C. was founded, in the economic-social structure with two opposite units——city and village——existing side by side, rural collective land system, peasant's income distribution system and rural administrative system once formed a unique style and worked in a closed way. This caused the difference between city and village become larger and larger, and meanwhile produced some relatively evident 'external' problems. Since the reform and open policy was put into effect, with the implementation of our country's new rural policies and the appearance of new economic factors in the villages, Chinese economic-social structure is now being impelled to transform from the two-unit structure made up of rural agriculture and urban industry to a new three-unit structure, which is made up of the aligment of multi-types of industries and the co-existence of various life-style in cities, small towns and villages. This transformation will finally form a new development pattern of urban and rural integration. In order to keep pace with the fundamental laws of the development of socialist market-oriented economy and the new demands of the balance development of urban and rural economic society, thorough and overall reformations must be carried out synchronically in rural collective land system, national income distribution system and state administrative system.