论道德理性

On Moral Reason

人们为了生存和发展 ,通过实践建构起了各种各样的关系 ,其中最主要的有人与自然的关系、人与人的关系和身心关系 ,当这些关系中的主、客体处于彼此适合的状态且最有利于人的生存、发展和完善时 ,就是所谓的“合理状态” ,理性就是对这种合理状态的观念把握和实现。与三类关系相对应 ,理性分为工具理性、规范理性和人格理性。道德理性包含了规范理性和人格理性 ,决定于工具理性。道德理性的实质内容在规范理性层面表现为权利平等、公平分配和人民主权。在人格理性层面则难有通约的实质标准 ,因为这是一个安身立命、终极关怀的私德领域。通过理性要把握的“合理状态”是一个价值事实 ,所以它不是认知的 ,而是反省的 ,并把通过反思的“价值事实”

In order to live and develop, people have established various relations in their practice, among which the most important are the relations between man and nature, between the individuals of human beings and between their body and soul. When the subject and the object in the relations are in a compatible state, and thus in favor of man's living, development and perfection, this is the so-called “reasonable state”. Reason is to recognize and grasp such reasonable state with conceptions. In corresponding to the three relations, reason may be divided into utility reason, rule reason and personality reason. Moral reason includes rule reason and personality reason. The actual content of moral reason represents the equality of rights, the justice of distribution and people's dominition. But there isn't an actual common standard in aspect of personality reason, as this is a personal virtue of settling down and getting on one's pursuit and ultimate caring. It is a reality of value to grasp the “reasonable state” through reason. So it is not something to grasp but to introspect, and it uses the “reality of value” throught introspection as logic start of moral reasoning and arguing.