影响水土流失的主要因素研究概述

Study on the Factors Affecting Soil Erosion

对 1 0 1篇中外文文献分析表明 :因子对径流侵蚀的影响作用非常复杂 ,不同地区、土壤、地形、植被条件下研究结果可能差别很大。我国侵蚀性降雨标准多在 8～ 1 4mm之间。许多因子与侵蚀、径流的关系存在临界值 ,大于此值后 ,关系发生变化。侵蚀临界坡度多在 2 1 .4～ 45°之间 ,植被临界覆盖率在 40 %～ 60 %之间。在一定条件下 ,径流、侵蚀量与雨量、坡度、坡长呈正相关关系 ,与植被盖度呈负相关关系。死地被物可减少径流量、泥沙量。

The result of analyzing 101 literatures shows that the relationship between effective factors and runoff and sediment is very complex, the result conducted on different region, soil, topography, vegetation can be largely distinct. Critical erosive precipitation varies from 8 mm to 14 mm. The relationship between factors and runoff and sediment is obviously different when the value of factor larger than the critical value. The runoff and sediment is positively correlated with the precipitation, slope grade, slope length and negatively correlated with plant coverage. Litter can reduce the runoff and sediment.