乌兰布和沙区人工绿洲小气候的变化

Changes of Microclimate in Man-made Oasis in Ulanbuh Desert

以 2个地面气象站观测数据为基础 ,分析了 1988～ 1999年 12年间荒漠区 (即未开发区 )与绿洲区 (开发区 )的气象要素变化 ,指出人工绿洲对灾害性天气具有抑制作用。结果表明 :12年的林网建设与荒漠旷野相比 ,平均多年降水量增加 2 8.9mm ;年大风日数、年干热风发生日数分别减少 6 5 .6 %、6 9.4 % ;年平均气温、年蒸发量、年最大风速分别降低 0 .4℃、2 8.3%、6 .2m/s ;防风效能达到 4 7%。

Based on the data from 1988 to 1999 in two meteorological stations, located in man made oasis and in natural desert in Ulanbuh desert respectively, the microclimatic changes in man-made oasis were analyzed. The man-made oasis had a great role in inhibiting damage climate. After twelve years construction the microclimatic changes of man made oasis were as follows: the average yearly precipitation increased 28.9mm; The average strong wind days and the xerothermic wind days reduced by 65.6% and 69.4% respectively; The average yearly temperature, the average yearly evaporation and the average maximum wind velocity declined by 0.4℃, 28.3% and 6.2m/s respectively; The efficiency of windbreak was 47%.