3～7岁孤独症儿童心理推测能力的实验研究

A study on theory of mind of autism children aged 3～7

目的 探明 3～ 7岁孤独症儿童心理推测能力发展状况及其特征。方法 应用“心灵理论”测验用具对 3～ 7岁 2 0名孤独症儿童和 3 61名正常儿童进行测试 ,使用SPSS 10 .0分析测试结果。结果 孤独症儿童心理推测能力处于较低水平波动 ,其虚误信念和表情辨认通过率明显低于同龄正常儿童 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与发展水平相当的正常儿童比较 ,其虚误信念测试分数明显低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,简单表情辨认能力则无差别 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;结论 3～ 7岁孤独症儿童心理推测能力明显落后于正常儿童 ,无随年龄增长而提高的发展趋势 ,简单表情辨认能力与其发展水平存在一定联系。

Objective To explore the developmental status and characters of theory of mind on autism children. Methods False belief tasks and expression distinguishing test were administered to 20 autism children and 361 normal children aged 3～7. SPSS 10.0 was used to analysis the results. Results The passing rate of three tests and the score of false belief task of autism children were significantly lower than that of normal children(P<0.05). There were no obviously differences on the score of distinguishing simple expression between them, as to the same developmental status (P>0.05). Conclusion Abilities about theory of mind of autism children were obviously lower than that of normal children and were not rising with age. There were some relationships between distinguishing simple expression and the developmental status on autism children.