一般的思想及其背后:庙会中的行善积功——以明清京师泰山信仰的碑刻资料为中心1

A General Idea and Behind: Doing Charitable Deeds for Merit Accumulation in the Temple Fairs

在某种意义上说,明清时期的行善积功思想为知识精英与普通民众所共享,这在京师东岳庙与泰山信仰的其他寺庙碑文中有清晰的体现,不同身份群体采取不同形式在宗教仪式性活动中加以实践,人们也用不同的宗教观念对其合理性和意义加以论证,这反映了人们对当时的社会道德危机的普遍认同。当然采取类似行为的背后还会有不同的目的和动机,而这会为我们理解明清京师社会的一些更为复杂具体的问题提供线索。

In a sense, the idea on doing charitable deeds for merit accumulation during the Ming-Qing period was shared by the educated elite and the populace, which was clearly shown on the steles in Capital's Dongyue Temple and other temples with Mount Tai worship. Different social groups practiced it in the religious, ceremonial activities in different ways, and they also argued its rationality and significance with different religious ideas. This reflected people's general identification on the social moral crisis that time. Of course there were varied intentions and motives behind the familiar behavior, and this would clue us to the understanding of some more complicated and detailed questions about the Capital society in the Ming-Qing perioal.