比较文学平行研究功能模式新论

New Outlook on Modes of Parallel Study in Comparative Literature

平行研究可划分为三种基本的功能模式:一、连类比物、相类相从的类同研究;二、相映成趣、相得益彰的互衬式的平行研究;三、相生相克、相反相成的对比式、反比式研究。其中的类同研究模式被使用最多,但不少文章流于生硬比附,结论平庸。主要原因在于目前流行的A与B两项式的平行比较,不能容纳尽可能多的同类的和相关的事项,不能在多个事项中进行分析、比较和归纳,有价值的结论也就无从得出。为此,在方平先生总结并提倡的A∶B→C的公式的启发下,提出了X1∶X2∶X3∶X4……→Y的新模式,主张突破A与B的两项比较,变A与B两极两项的比较为多极多项、平行交叉、上下贯通的比较。

Parallel study in comparative literature falls into the following categories:(1)comparison between analogous literatures;(2)comparison between contrasting;(3)comparison between opposing literatures.Among them,the prevailing one is comparison between analogous literatures,but most are farfetched and the conclusions are too commonplace or self-evident.Moreover,modes of comparison that presently prevailed in this type of parallel study are of comparison among the most possible material that is analogous and relevant,hence hard to reach fresh and original conclusions.The author,inspired by the comparative formula A:B→C that Fang Ping has recommended,suggests a new mode of comparison as illustrated in the formulaX1:X2:X3:X4:......→Y,that is,to analyze,compare the modes of parallel study.