萨特重建主体性的人道主义呐喊与积极尝试

Satre's Humanism and Trial of Rebuilding Mainstay

残酷的第二次世界大战给人类带来灾难性、毁灭性的后果 ,彻底击碎了人们对科学和理性的信任及对社会进步的美好幻想 ,人被社会全面控制从而丧失了自由、尊严和安全感 ,人们普遍感到存在的无意义、绝望和孤独 ,处于走投无路及无家可归的荒诞境地。正是在这种背景下 ,萨特通过哲学和文学相互结合的二重方式介入现实 ,提出“存在先于本质” ,对人的自由和自由选择以及应该承担的责任等进行了深刻论证 ,并把这种哲学精神引入文学 ,从不同的视角阐发了他的人道主义思想 ,揭示了资本主义社会的主体异化现象 ,发出了“他人就是地狱”的呐喊 ,无情地抨击了资本主义制度 ,为人类重建主体性和找到自身做出了巨大的贡献。

The brutal secend world war brought disastrous and destructive results ,which wrecked people's trust to science and reason and promising illusion to social development .People lost freedom,dignity and sense of safety owing to the whole control of society .Furthermore,People feel that they live so unmeaningfully ,hopelessly and lonely that they have no way to go.Satre advocated' Existence proceeds essence',which deeply expresses about humans freedom and free choice and their responsibilities.He brought this philosophic spirit to literature ,which elucidates his humanism from different aspects,reveals the capitalist social main alienation ,appeals 'somebody else is a hell',by which he attacked mercilessly the capitalist society and he made great contributions to rebuilding mainstay and examing himself .